1
Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in
FY2024 <Executive Summary>
1.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals
1
Japan’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals in fiscal year
2,3
(FY)
2024:
994 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO
2
eq.
4
), indicating a 1.9% (18.8 Mt CO
2
eq.)
decrease compared to FY2023.
This represented a 28.7% (399.5 Mt CO
2
eq.) decrease compared to the FY2013
5
emissions (1,394 Mt
CO
2
eq.).
Japan’s emissions
6
for FY2024: 1,046 Mt CO
2
eq. (a 1.9% [20.3 Mt CO
2
eq.] decrease compared to FY2023)
Japan’s removals
7
for FY2024: 52.3 Mt CO
2
eq. (a 2.9% [1.5 Mt CO
2
eq.] decrease compared to FY2023)
Figure 1 Trends in Japan’s national GHG emissions and removals
Footnote:
1.
Japan’s removals by measures for forest and other carbon sinks were subtracted from the sum of emissions. The compiled figures of
the emissions and removals this time may be recalculated when the annual statistical data are updated and/or when estimation methods
are revised.
2. Japan’s fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31.
3. Emissions
of
four
types
of
GHGs
(hydrofluorocarbons
[HFCs],
perfluorocarbons
[PFCs],
sulfur
hexafluoride
[SF
6
],
and
nitrogen
trifluoride [NF
3
]) were estimated on a calendar year basis.
4. Emissions of each GHG were converted into CO
2
equivalents by multiplying the emissions of each gas with their respective global
warming potential values (GWP values). GWP values are the degree to which each
GHG contributes to global warming and are
expressed as a ratio to the global warming effect of CO
2
. Based on the Paris Agreement rules, the GWP values for a 100-year time
horizon provided in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (2013) were adopted.
5. The base year for Japan’s greenhouse gas reduction target in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), etc. In the updated NDC
submitted to the United Nations in October 2021, Japan expressed that it “aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 46 percent
in FY 2030 from its FY 2013 levels, setting an ambitious target which is aligned with the long-term goal of achieving net zero by 2050”.
Furthermore, in Japan’s NDC submitted to the UN in February, 2025, Japan expressed new reduction targets as follows: “Japan aims
to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 60 percent in FY 2035 and by 73 percent in FY 2040, respectively, from its FY 2013 levels,
as ambitious targets aligned with the global 1.5°C goal and on a straight pathway towards the achievement of net zero by 2050”. The
progress towards reduction targets will be evaluated using the emissions and removals amounts against the emissions amounts in the
base year.
6. Sum of Japan’s emissions.
7. Contribution of measures for forest and other carbon sinks to GHG removals and reduction. This will be used for evaluation of Japan’s
Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures and the NDC.
1,394
1,273
1,237
1,220
1,205
1,159
1,127
1,065
1,085
1,057
1,013
994
69.3
66.0
64.6
64.2
62.8
58.8
56.4
57.1
54.2
53.9
52.3
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
(Fiscal year)
Removals by forests and other carbon sink measures
Emissions and removals
Emissions of the base year
Emissions and Removals
(Mt-CO
2
eq.)
2
2.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
8
GHG emissions of Japan in FY2024: 1,046 Mt CO
2
eq.
Emissions decreased by 1.9% (20.3 Mt CO
2
eq.) compared to emissions in FY2023 (1,067 Mt CO
2
eq.).
Emissions decreased by 24.9% (347.1 Mt CO
2
eq.) compared to emissions in FY2013 (1,394 Mt CO
2
eq.).
Figure 2 Japan’s national GHG emissions
Note:
The main factors for the decrease from FY2023: reduced energy consumption due to reduced production
in the manufacturing industries sub-sector and the decrease in CO
2
emissions from electricity production
due to the wider use of decarbonized electricity (resumption of nuclear power plant operations and wider
adoption of renewable energy).
The
main
factors
for
the
decrease
from
FY2013:
reduced
energy
consumption
(improved
energy
conservation, etc.) and the decrease in CO
2
emissions from electricity production due to the wider use of
decarbonized electricity.
The
emissions
of
hydrofluorocarbons,
which
had
been
increasing
every
year
from
2005
to
2021,
decreased for the third consecutive year.
Footnote:
8. GHG emissions for each fiscal year and the rates of change from the preceding years do not include removals by measures for forest
and other carbon sinks.
1,394
1,343
1,303
1,284
1,269
1,222
1,186
1,121
1,142
1,111
1,067
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
(Fiscal year)
Emissions
(Mt-CO
2
eq.)
1,046 Mt
[-1.9% from FY2023]
<-24.9% from FY2013>
2024
3
Table 1 Japan’s national GHG emissions by gas in FY2024
(compared to FY2013 and FY2023)
Table 2 Energy-related CO
2
emissions from each sector
(after allocation of power and heat)
Compared to
FY2013
Compared to
FY2023
1,272
1,394
1,067
1,046
-347.1
-20.3
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
《
-24.9%
》
《
-1.9%
》
1,160
1,312
988
971
-340.9
-16.7
[91.2%]
[94.2%]
[92.6%]
[92.8%]
《
-26.0%
》
《
-1.7%
》
1,068
1,235
922
907
-328.7
-15.1
[83.9%]
[88.6%]
[86.4%]
[86.6%]
《
-26.6%
》
《
-1.6%
》
92.2
77.0
66.5
64.9
-12.1
-1.6
[7.3%]
[5.5%]
[6.2%]
[6.2%]
《
-15.8%
》
《
-2.4%
》
50.0
32.8
29.5
27.9
-4.9
-1.6
[3.9%]
[2.4%]
[2.8%]
[2.7%]
《
-14.8%
》
《
-5.4%
》
28.9
19.6
15.2
14.8
-4.8
-0.41
[2.3%]
[1.4%]
[1.4%]
[1.4%]
《
-24.6%
》
《
-2.7%
》
33.4
28.8
33.9
32.2
3.4
-1.6
[2.6%]
[2.1%]
[3.2%]
[3.1%]
《
+11.9%
》
《
-4.8%
》
13.4
22.0
28.5
27.6
5.6
-0.96
[1.1%]
[1.6%]
[2.7%]
[2.6%]
《
+25.5%
》
《
-3.4%
》
6.2
3.0
3.1
2.5
-0.50
-0.57
[0.5%]
[0.2%]
[0.3%]
[0.2%]
《
-16.9%
》
《
-18.8%
》
13.8
2.3
2.1
2.0
-0.34
-0.06
[1.1%]
[0.2%]
[0.2%]
[0.2%]
《
-14.3%
》
《
-3.0%
》
0.0
1.5
0.2
0.2
-1.3
-0.03
[0.0%]
[0.1%]
[0.0%]
[0.0%]
《
-88.1%
》
《
-12.8%
》
Note: “0.0” are values less than 0.05.
(Unit: Mt-CO
2
eq.)
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF
3
)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF
6
)
F-gases
Energy-related CO
2
Non-energy-related CO
2
Nitrous oxide (N
2
O)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Total
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
)
Methane (CH
4
)
FY2023
emissions
[Share]
FY2024
FY1990
emissions
[Share]
FY2013
emissions
[Share]
Emissions
[Share]
Amount of change
《
Rate of change
》
Compared to
FY2013
Compared to
FY2023
1,068
1,235
922
907
-328.7
-15.1
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
《
-26.6%
》
《
-1.6%
》
505
464
343
334
-129.4
-8.5
[47.3%]
[37.5%]
[37.2%]
[36.9%]
《
-27.9%
》
《
-2.5%
》
208
224
190
187
-37.1
-3.0
[19.5%]
[18.2%]
[20.6%]
[20.6%]
《
-16.5%
》
《
-1.6%
》
132
235
162
162
-73.0
+0.25
[12.3%]
[19.0%]
[17.6%]
[17.9%]
《
-31.0%
》
《
+0.2%
》
126
209
147
146
-62.5
-0.96
[11.8%]
[16.9%]
[16.0%]
[16.1%]
《
-29.9%
》
《
-0.7%
》
96.6
104
79.7
76.8
[9.1%]
[8.4%]
[8.6%]
[8.5%]
96.2
106
81.2
79.1
-27.1
-2.1
[9.0%]
[8.6%]
[8.8%]
[8.7%]
《
-25.5%
》
《
-2.5%
》
+0.4
-2.6
-1.5
-2.3
[0.0%]
[-0.2%]
[-0.2%]
[-0.3%]
(Unit: Mt)
Statistical discrepancy from
power and heat allocation
–
–
–
–
Total
Power plants, oil refineries,
etc.
Residential
Energy transformation
Transport
(cars, etc.)
Commercial and other
(commerce, service, office, etc.)
Industry
(factories, etc.)
FY2023
emissions
[Share]
Amount of change
《
Rate of change
》
Emissions
[Share]
FY1990
emissions
[Share]
FY2013
emissions
[Share]
FY2024
Note: “0.0” are values less than 0.05.
“After allocation of power and heat” refers to the allocation of energy-related CO
2
emissions from
power and heat generation to each sector based on the consumption of power and heat.
4
Details of main increases/decreases as compared to emissions in FY2023
1) Energy-related CO
2
emissions (after allocation of power and heat)
Industry sector (factories, etc.): 8.5 Mt (2.5%) decrease
・
The
energy
consumption
decreased
due
to
reduced
production
in
the
manufacturing
industries sub-sector.
Transport sector (cars, etc.): 3.0 Mt (1.6%) decrease
・
The energy consumption efficiency of truck transportation and the fuel efficiency of passenger
vehicles improved.
Commercial and other sector (commerce, services, office, etc.): 0.25 Mt (0.2%) increase
・
The
energy
consumption
increased
due
to
recovery
of
industrial
activity,
etc.,
despite
the
improvement in the CO
2
emissions intensity of electricity, etc.
Residential sector: 0.96 Mt (0.7%) decrease
・
The CO
2
emissions intensity of electricity improved, etc.
Energy transformation sector (power plants, oil refineries, etc.) (excluding statistical discrepancy
from power and heat allocation): 2.1 Mt (2.5%) decrease
・
Emissions from power generation decreased.
2) Emissions other than energy-related CO
2
(CO
2
eq.)
CO
2
emissions not related to energy: 1.6 Mt (2.4%) decrease
・
Emissions from the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector decreased owing to reduced
cement production.
Methane (CH
4
) emissions: 1.6 Mt (5.4%) decrease
・
Emissions from the Agriculture sector (rice cultivation etc.) decreased due to the reduced
amount of organic matter applied to paddy fields.
Nitrous oxide (N
2
O) emissions: 0.41 Mt (2.7%) decrease
・
Emissions from the Agriculture sector decreased due to the change in the ratio of manure
management systems and the decrease in the head of non-dairy cattle, and emissions from
fuel combustion and fugitives also decreased.
Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions: 0.96 Mt (3.4%) decrease
・
Emissions
from
refrigerants
decreased
owing
to
measures
such
as
the
increase
in
HFC
recovery amounts at disposal and the replacement of refrigerants in household stationary air-
conditioning.
Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions: 0.57 Mt (18.8%) decrease
・
Emissions from solvents decreased.
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF
6
) emissions: 0.06 Mt (3.0%) decrease
・
Emissions from metal production decreased.
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF
3
) emissions: 0.03 Mt (12.8%) decrease
・
Emissions from semiconductors and LCD manufacturing decreased.